Диета при заболевании печени – показания и запрещенные продукты

Диета при заболевании печени требует употребления определенных продуктов, с помощью которых улучшается состояние пациента. Если начинает болеть в правом подреберье, то питание для пациента разрабатывается таким образом, чтобы его не перегружать. Если у пациента больная печень, то в его организм должны поступать аминокислоты, микро- и макроэлементы, а также витамины. Благодаря их воздействию обеспечивается восстановление пораженного органа.

Если у человека наблюдается болезнь печени, то это приводит к снижению аппетита. Именно поэтому больному рекомендовано употребление легкоусвояемой печени. В рационе питания при болезни печени может быть большое количество продуктов, что позволяет разработать вкусное и полезное меню для пациента.

Разрешенные продукты

Пациентам рекомендуется каждый день кушать каши из любой крупы. Предпочтение нужно отдавать черствому сухому пшеничному хлебу. В меню пациента допускаются макаронные изделия. Большинство специалистов рекомендуют употребление кисломолочных продуктов, которые имеют низкий процент жирности. Предпочтение рекомендовано отдавать простокваше, молоку, кефиру, некислому творогу. Употребление сметаны и сливочного масла должно проводиться в умеренных количествах.

Можно приготовить любое блюдо из мяса нежирных сортов. Больным нужно потребление крольчатины, телятины, курятины, говядины. Полезный продукт – это нежирная рыба, которая является ценным источником белка. Блюда готовятся из путассу, минтая, карпа, сайды, судака, леща. Пациентам необходимы овощи в свежем, запеченном или отварном виде. Не стоит употреблять продукты, в состав которых входит грубая клетчатка в большом количестве. Пациенты должны отдавать предпочтение полезным продуктам:

• моркови;
• кабачкам;
• свекле;
• тыкве;
• зелени;
• сладким томатам.

Можно кушать некислую квашенную капусту. Для заправки салатов и приготовления блюд используются только растительные масла – кукурузное, оливковое, растительное, подсолнечное. Лечебное меню должно составляться с включением крупяных, овощных и молочных супов.

Если наблюдается боль в печени, то человеку не обязательно кушать сладости. Но, отказываться от них полностью не стоит. Простые сахара не являются вредными для здоровья. Наоборот, иногда они выступают источником быстрой энергии. Пациентам разрешается потребление муссов, желе, мармеладов, джемов, нежирного печенья. В рацион рекомендовано включение некислых фруктов и ягод. Можно пить сладкие компоты и соки. Также разрешены чай и кофе с молоком.

Существует огромное количество продуктов, что позволяет обеспечить полезное и рациональное
питание при болезнях печени.

Какие продукты запрещены?

Если у пациента наблюдается поражение печени, то ему нельзя употреблять определенные продукты. Если в их состав входят жиры в большом количестве, которые имеют преимущественно животное происхождение, то от них нужно отказаться. Специалисты не рекомендуют продукты, которые раздражают пищеварительную систему, а также усиливают секрецию пищеварительных соков. Копчености и маринады рекомендовано исключить из рациона. От продуктов, которые способствуют усилению газообразования, нужно отказываться. Пациент не должен употреблять кислое и жаренное.

Правила диеты при заболеваниях печени требуют снятия чрезмерной нагрузки на орган. Именно поэтому не рекомендуется употребление жирных продуктов – смальца, сала, маргарина, жирного мяса и рыбы, майонеза, сливок шоколада, сладких кремов, мороженного, твердых сыров. Желтки яиц являются достаточно жирными. Именно поэтому рекомендовано сократить их количество до 1 штуки в сутки. употребление яиц допускается только в запеченном виде. Они могут использоваться для приготовления омлета. Категорически запрещаются яйца в жареном виде или сваренные вкрутую.

Если у человека наблюдаются нарушения в работоспособности печени, то от свежего хлеба и выпечки рекомендовано отказаться. Пациентам разрешается употребление хлебобулочных изделий только на вторые сутки после выпечки. Если имеются только свежие продукты, то перед употреблением их рекомендовано подсушить в духовке. При патологиях в органе рекомендовано отдавать предпочтение белому хлебу. От ржаных хлебных изделий нужно отказаться. Пациентам запрещается употребление мучных блюд, которые готовятся на сковороде:

• оладушки;
• жаренных пирожков;
• блинов.

В период протекания патологических процессов в печени пациенту категорически запрещается употребление алкогольных напитков. Также не стоит пить кислые соки, какао и крепкий кофе. От холодных напитков и блюд человек должен отказаться. Больным категорически запрещаются продукты, в состав которых входит грубая клетчатка. Также стоит отказаться от овощей и фруктов, которые вызывают брожение в кишечнике. Из рациона питания проводится исключение неспелых овощей и фруктов, капусты, бобовых, грибов, редиса. От копченостей, консервированных продуктов и всех видов орехов пациент должен отказываться.

Приготовление блюд должно проводиться с исключением острых приправ – перца, уксуса, чеснока, хрена, горчицы. Не рекомендуется кушать окрошку, так как она приводит к брожению в кишечнике. При патологии в печени рыбные и мясные бульоны исключаются. Кислые супы, для приготовления которых используется щавель, нужно исключить из рациона. Пациенты не должны употреблять первые блюда, в состав которых входит фасоль, чечевица, горох, грибы. Заправка супов не проводится с использованием поджаренных овощей.

В период протекания заболеваний печени пациенту рекомендовано отказаться от запрещенных продуктов, что исключит возможность возникновения нежелательных последствий.

Особенности питания

При болезнях печени рекомендовано применение дробного режима питания. Пищу пациент должен принимать от 4 до 6 раз в сутки. При этом порции должны быть минимальными. Употребление блюд должно проводиться в подогретом виде. От горячей еды пациент должен отказаться. Охлажденные продукты и напитки при заболеваниях печени строго запрещаются. Если пациент будет употреблять жаренные блюда, то это приведет к усилению нагрузки на печень и обострению болезни.

Продукты рекомендовано употреблять в отварном или тушеном виде. Также разрешается их запекать в духовке. Во время болезней печени допускается приготовление блюд на пару. Больным разрешается употребление некислых и неострых квашенных овощей. Маринованная пища строго запрещена.

Пациент должен строго придерживаться правил рационального питания при заболеваниях печени, что положительно отобразится на состоянии его здоровья.

Стол №5

Доктор Певзнер разработал специальное меню, которое рекомендуется использовать при разнообразных заболеваниях печени. Питание разрабатывается таким образом, что в организм пациента поступает оптимальное число калорий. При этом рекомендовано ограничить жиры и продукты, в состав которых входит большое количество холестерина.

Применение диеты рекомендуется при:

• желчнокаменной болезни;
• хронических гепатитах в стадии ремиссии;
• хронических холециститах;
• циррозе печени.

Благодаря диетическому питанию химически щадится печень. Оно обеспечивает нормальную работоспособность желчевыводящей системы. Диета разрабатывается таким образом, что содержание углеродов и белка находится на оптимальном уровне. Она заключается в ограничении количества употребления жиров, особенно растительного происхождения.

Певзнер советует готовить блюда методом запекания, варки, тушения. Перед употреблением рекомендовано протирать овощи, в состав которых входит большое количество клетчатки. Перед употреблением  жилистого мяса его мелко рубят. От продуктов, в состав которых входит щавелевая кислота и пурины, рекомендовано отказаться. Пациентам нужно умеренно ограничить количество употребления соли.

Пациенту рекомендовано придерживаться диетического питания в течение 5 дней. Если организм пациента адаптируется к такому питанию, то его рекомендовано придерживаться в течение 5 недель. Специалисты разработали примеренное меню, которого могут придерживаться все пациенты, независимо от особенностей протекания заболеваний.

Первый завтрак пациента состоит из нежирного творога, в который добавляется сметана и небольшое количество меда. Также пациент должен кушать овсяную кашу, для приготовления которой используется молоко или вода. Из напитков рекомендовано отдать предпочтение некрепкому чаю. На второй завтрак пациенту рекомендовано употребление одного печеного яблока, к которому можно добавить немного меда.

Обед состоит из сборного овощного супа, для заправки которого используется растительное масло. Доктора рекомендуют для приготовления блюда отдавать предпочтение подсолнечному или растительному маслу. На второе подают отварную курицу, для приготовления которой используется молочный соус. На гарнир можно отварить рис. Для питья готовят компот на основе сухофруктов. На полдник рекомендовано выпить стакан отвара шиповника. Ужин состоит из отварной рыбы и белого соуса, для приготовления которого используется овощной отвар. Рекомендовано приготовление картофельного пюре. Также пациент должен скушать творожную ватрушку и выпить стакан чая. На ночь разрешается выпить стакан нежирного кефира.

Заболевания печени являются достаточно серьезными и мешают ее полноценному функционированию. Именно поэтому во время их появления пациентам рекомендовано придерживаться правил рационального питания. Составление меню должно проводиться доктором с учетом разрешенных и запрещенных продуктов. Это будет способствовать улучшению состояния человека.

90000 The Top 10 Deadliest Diseases in the World 90001 90002 When people think of the deadliest diseases in the world, their minds probably jump to the fast-acting, incurable ones that grab headlines from time to time. But in fact, many of these types of diseases do not rank in the top 10 causes of worldwide deaths. An estimated 56.4 million people passed away worldwide in 2015 року, and 68 percent of them were due to diseases that progressed slowly. 90003 90002 Perhaps even more surprising is that several of the deadliest diseases are partially preventable.Non-preventable factors include where a person lives, access to preventive care, and quality of healthcare. These all factor into risk. But there are still steps everyone can take to lower their risk. 90003 90002 Read on to see the top 10 diseases causing the most deaths worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). 90003 90002 The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Also called ischemic heart disease, CAD occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become narrowed.Untreated CAD can lead to chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias. 90003 90010 Impact of CAD across the world 90011 90002 Although it’s still the leading cause of death, mortality rates have declined in many European countries and in the United States. This may be due to better public health education, access to healthcare, and forms of prevention. However, in many developing nations, mortality rates of CAD are on the rise. An increasing life span, socioeconomic changes, and lifestyle risk factors play a role in this rise.90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for CAD include: 90003 90018 90019 high blood pressure 90020 90019 high cholesterol 90020 90019 smoking 90020 90019 family history of CAD 90020 90019 diabetes 90020 90019 being overweight 90020 90031 90002 Talk to your doctor if you have one or more of these risk factors. 90003 90002 You can prevent CAD with medications and by maintaining good heart health. Some steps you can take to decrease your risk include: 90003 90018 90019 exercising regularly 90020 90019 maintaining a healthy weight 90020 90019 eating a balanced diet that’s low in sodium and high in fruits and vegetables 90020 90019 avoiding smoking 90020 90019 drinking only in moderation 90020 90031 90002 A stroke occurs when an artery in your brain is blocked or leaks.This causes the oxygen-deprived brain cells to begin dying within minutes. During a stroke, you feel sudden numbness and confusion or have trouble walking and seeing. If left untreated, a stroke can cause long-term disability. 90003 90002 In fact, strokes are the leading cause of long-term disabilities. People who receive treatment within 3 hours of having a stroke are less likely to have disabilities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 93 percent of people knew sudden numbness on one side was a stroke symptom.But only 38 percent knew all the symptoms that would prompt them to seek emergency care. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for stroke include: 90003 90018 90019 high blood pressure 90020 90019 family history of stroke 90020 90019 smoking, especially when combined with oral contraceptives 90020 90019 being African-American 90020 90019 being female 90020 90031 90002 Some risk factors of strokes can be reduced with preventative care, medications, and lifestyle changes.In general, good health habits can lower your risk. 90003 90002 Stroke prevention methods may include controlling high blood pressure with medications or surgery. You should also maintain a healthy lifestyle, complete with regular exercise and a healthy diet that’s low in sodium. Avoid smoking, and drink only in moderation, as these activities increase your risk of stroke. 90003 90002 A lower respiratory infection is an infection in your airways and lungs. It can be due to: 90003 90002 Viruses usually cause lower respiratory infections.They can also be caused by bacteria. Coughing is the main symptom of a lower respiratory infection. You may also feel breathlessness, wheezing, and a tight feeling in your chest. Untreated lower respiratory infections can lead to breathing failure and death. 90003 90010 Impact of lower respiratory infections around the world 90011 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for lower respiratory infection include: 90003 90018 90019 the flu 90020 90019 poor air quality or frequent exposure to lung irritants 90020 90019 smoking 90020 90019 a weak immune system 90020 90019 crowded childcare settings, which mainly affects infants 90020 90019 asthma 90020 90019 HIV 90020 90031 90002 One of the best preventative measures you can take against lower respiratory infections is to get the flu shot every year.People at high risk of pneumonia can also get a vaccine. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water to avoid transmitted bacteria, especially before touching your face and before eating. Stay at home and rest until you feel better if you have a respiratory infection, as rest improves healing. 90003 90002 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term, progressive lung disease that makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are types of COPD. In 2004, about 64 million people around the world were living with COPD.90003 90010 Impact of COPD around the world 90011 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for COPD include: 90003 90018 90019 smoking or secondhand smoke 90020 90019 lung irritants like chemical fumes 90020 90019 family history, with the AATD gene being linked to COPD 90020 90019 history of respiratory infections as a child 90020 90031 90002 There’s no cure for COPD, but its progression can be slowed with medication. The best ways to prevent COPD are to stop smoking and to avoid secondhand smoke and other lung irritants.If you experience any COPD symptoms, getting treatment as soon as possible increases your outlook. 90003 90002 Respiratory cancers include cancers of the trachea, larynx, bronchus, and lungs. The main causes are smoking, secondhand smoke, and environmental toxins. But household pollutions such as fuels and mold also contribute. 90003 90010 Impact of respiratory cancers around the world 90011 90002 A 2015 study reports that respiratory cancer accounts for about 4 million deaths annually. In developing countries, researchers project an 81- to 100-percent increase in respiratory cancers due to pollution and smoking.Many Asian countries, especially India, still use coal for cooking. Solid fuel emissions account for 17 percent of lung cancer deaths in men and 22 percent in women. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers can affect anyone, but they’re most likely to affect those who have a history of smoking or tobacco use. Other risk factors for these cancers include family history and exposure to environmental factors, such as diesel fumes. 90003 90002 Aside from avoiding fumes and tobacco products, it is not known if there’s anything else that can be done to prevent lung cancers.However, early detection can improve your outlook and reduce the symptoms of respiratory cancer. 90003 90002 Diabetes is a group of diseases that affect insulin production and use. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can not produce insulin. The cause is not known. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or insulin can not be used effectively. Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a number of factors, including poor diet, lack of exercise, and being overweight. 90003 90010 Impact of diabetes around the world 90011 90002 People in low- to middle-income countries are more likely to die of complications from diabetes.90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for diabetes include: 90003 90018 90019 excess body weight 90020 90019 high blood pressure 90020 90019 older age 90020 90019 not exercising regularly 90020 90019 an unhealthy diet 90020 90031 90002 While diabetes is not always preventable, you can control the severity of symptoms by exercising regularly and maintaining good nutrition. Adding more fiber to your diet can help with controlling your blood sugar. 90003 90002 When you think of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, you might think of a loss of memory, but you might not think of a loss of life.Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and interrupts normal mental functions. These include thinking, reasoning, and typical behavior. 90003 90002 Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia – 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases are in fact Alzheimer’s. The disease starts off by causing mild memory problems, difficulty recalling information, and slips in recollection. Over time, however, the disease progresses and you may not have memory of large periods of time.A 2014 study found that the number of deaths in the United States due to Alzheimer’s may be higher than reported. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease include: 90003 90018 90019 being older than 65 90020 90019 a family history of the disease 90020 90019 inheriting genes for the disease from your parents 90020 90019 existing mild cognitive impairment 90020 90019 Down syndrome 90020 90019 unhealthy lifestyle 90020 90019 being female 90020 90019 previous head trauma 90020 90019 being shut off from a community or having poor engagement with other people for extended periods of time 90020 90031 90002 There’s not currently a way to prevent Alzheimer’s disease.Researches are not clear why some people develop it and others do not. As they work to understand this, they’re also working to find preventive techniques. 90003 90002 One thing that may be helpful in reducing your risk of the disease is a heart-healthy diet. A diet that’s high in fruits and vegetables, low in saturated fats from meat and dairy, and high in sources of good fats like nuts, olive oil, and lean fish may help you reduce your risk of more than just heart disease – they may protect your brain from Alzheimer’s disease, too.90003 90002 Diarrhea is when you pass three or more loose stools in a day. If your diarrhea lasts more than a few days, your body loses too much water and salt. This causes dehydration, which can lead to death. Diarrhea is usually caused by an intestinal virus or bacteria transmitted through contaminated water or food. It’s particularly widespread in developing nations with poor sanitary conditions. 90003 90010 Impact of diarrheal diseases around the world 90011 90002 Diarrheal disease is the second top cause of death in children younger than 5 years.About 760,000 children die from diarrheal diseases each year. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for diarrheal diseases include: 90003 90018 90019 living in an area with poor sanitary conditions 90020 90019 no access to clean water 90020 90019 age, with children being the most likely to experience severe symptoms of diarrheal diseases 90020 90019 malnourishment 90020 90019 a weakened immune system 90020 90031 90002 According to UNICEF, the best method of prevention is practicing good hygiene.Good handwashing techniques can reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases by 40 percent. Improved sanitization and water quality as well as access to early medical intervention can also help prevent diarrheal diseases. 90003 90002 Tuberculosis (TB) is a lung condition caused by bacteria called 90213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 90214. It’s a treatable airborne bacterium, although some strains are resistant to conventional treatments. TB is one of the top causes of death in people who have HIV.About 35 percent of HIV-related deaths are due to TB. 90003 90010 Impact of TB around the world 90011 90002 The cases of TB have fallen 1.5 percent each year since 2000. The goal is to end TB by 2030. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for tuberculosis include: 90003 90018 90019 diabetes 90020 90019 HIV infection 90020 90019 a lower body weight 90020 90019 proximity to others with TB 90020 90019 regular use of certain medications like corticosteroids or drugs that suppress the immune system 90020 90031 90002 The best prevention against TB is to get the bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG) vaccine.This is commonly given to children. If you think you’ve been exposed to TB bacteria, you can start taking a treatment medication called chemoprophylaxis to reduce the likelihood of developing the condition. 90003 90002 Cirrhosis is the result of chronic or long-term scarring and damage to the liver. The damage may be the result of a kidney disease, or it can be caused by conditions like hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. A healthy liver filters harmful substances from your blood and sends healthy blood into your body.As substances damage the liver, scar tissue forms. As more scar tissue forms, the liver has to work harder to function properly. Ultimately, the liver may stop working. 90003 90010 Risk factors and prevention 90011 90002 Risk factors for cirrhosis include: 90003 90018 90019 chronic alcohol use 90020 90019 fat accumulation around the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) 90020 90019 chronic viral hepatitis 90020 90031 90002 Stay away from the behaviors that can lead to liver damage to help prevent cirrhosis.Long-term alcohol use and abuse is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis, so avoiding alcohol can help you prevent damage. Likewise, you can avoid nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by eating a diet that’s healthy, rich in fruits and vegetables, and low in sugar and fat. Lastly, you can reduce the likelihood of contracting viral hepatitis by using protection during sex and by avoiding sharing anything that could have traces of blood. This includes needles, razors, toothbrushes, and more. 90003 90002 While deaths from some diseases have increased, those from more serious conditions have also decreased.Some factors, such as an increasing life span, naturally increase the incidence of diseases such as CAD, stroke, and heart disease. But many of the diseases on this list are preventable and treatable. As medicine continues to advance and prevention education grows, we may see a reduction in death rates from these diseases. 90003 90002 A good approach to lowering your risk of any of these conditions is to live a healthy lifestyle with good nutrition and exercise. Avoiding smoking and drinking in moderation can also help.For bacterial or viral infections, proper handwashing can help prevent or reduce your risk. 90003.90000 Lyme Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention 90001 90002 Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria 90003 Borrelia burgdorferi 90004. 90003 B. burgdorferi 90004 is transmitted to humans by a bite from an infected black-legged or deer tick. The tick becomes infected after feeding on infected deer, birds, or mice. 90007 90002 A tick has to be present on the skin for at least 36 hours to transmit the infection. Many people with Lyme disease have no memory of a tick bite.90007 90002 Lyme disease was first recognized in the town of Old Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. It’s the most common tickborne illness in Europe and the United States. 90007 90002 People who live or spend time in wooded areas known for transmission of the disease are more likely to get this illness. People with domesticated animals that visit wooded areas also have a higher risk of getting Lyme disease. 90007 90002 People with Lyme disease may react to it differently, and the symptoms can vary in severity.90007 90002 Although Lyme disease is commonly divided into three stages – early localized, early disseminated, and late disseminated – symptoms can overlap. Some people will also present in a later stage of disease without having symptoms of earlier disease. 90007 90002 These are some of the more common symptoms of Lyme disease: 90007 90002 Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you have any of these symptoms. 90007 90002 Find out more about Lyme disease symptoms. 90007 90024 Lyme disease symptoms in children 90025 90002 Children generally experience the same Lyme disease symptoms as adults.90007 90002 They usually experience: 90007 90030 90031 fatigue 90032 90031 joint and muscle pain 90032 90031 fever 90032 90031 other flu-like symptoms 90032 90039 90002 These symptoms may occur soon after the infection, or months or years later. 90007 90002 Your child may have Lyme disease and not have the bull’s-eye rash. According to an early study, results showed roughly 89 percent of children had a rash. 90007 90002 Lyme disease is best treated in the early stages. Treatment for early localized disease is a simple 10 to 14-day course of oral antibiotics to eliminate the infection.90007 90002 Medications used to treat Lyme disease include: 90007 90030 90031 doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime, which are first-line treatments in adults and children 90032 90031 cefuroxime and amoxicillin, which are used to treat women who are nursing or breastfeeding 90032 90039 90002 Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are used for some forms of Lyme disease, including those with cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. 90007 90002 After improvement and to finish the course of treatment, healthcare providers will typically switch to an oral regimen.The complete course of treatment usually takes 14-28 days. 90007 90002 Lyme arthritis, a late-stage symptom of Lyme disease that may present in some people, is treated with oral antibiotics for 28 days. 90007 90002 If you’re treated for Lyme disease with antibiotics but continue to experience symptoms, it is referred to as post Lyme disease syndrome or post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. 90007 90002 About 10 to 20 percent of people with Lyme disease experience this syndrome, according to a 2016 article published in the New England Journal of Medicine.The cause is unknown. 90007 90002 Post-Lyme disease syndrome can affect your mobility and cognitive skills. Treatment is primarily focused on easing pain and discomfort. Most people recover, but it can take months or years. 90007 90002 Get a better understanding of post-Lyme disease syndrome. 90007 90024 Post-Lyme disease symptoms 90025 90002 The symptoms of post Lyme disease syndrome are similar to those that occur in the earlier stages. 90007 90002 These symptoms may include: 90007 90030 90031 fatigue 90032 90031 difficulty sleeping 90032 90031 aching joints or muscles 90032 90031 pain or swelling in your large joints, such as your knees, shoulders, or elbows 90032 90031 difficulty concentrating and short-term memory problems 90032 90031 speech problems 90032 90039 90002 There is no evidence that Lyme disease is contagious between people.Also, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pregnant women can not transmit the disease to their fetus through their breast milk. 90007 90002 Lyme disease is an infection caused by bacteria transmitted by blacklegged deer ticks. These bacteria are found in bodily fluids, but there’s no evidence that Lyme disease can be spread to another person through sneezing, coughing, or kissing. 90007 90002 There is also no evidence that Lyme disease can be sexually transmitted or transmitted through a blood transfusion.90007 90002 Learn more about whether Lyme disease is contagious. 90007 90002 Lyme disease can occur in three stages: 90007 90030 90031 early localized 90032 90031 early disseminated 90032 90031 late disseminated 90032 90039 90002 The symptoms you experience will depend on which stage the disease is in. 90007 90002 The progression of Lyme disease can vary by individual. Some people who have it do not go through all three stages. 90007 90024 Stage 1: Early localized disease 90025 90002 Symptoms of Lyme disease usually start 1 to 2 weeks after the tick bite.One of the earliest signs of the disease is a bull’s-eye rash. 90007 90002 The rash occurs at the site of the tick bite, usually, but not always, as a central red spot surrounded by a clear spot with an area of ​​redness at the edge. It may be warm to the touch, but it is not painful and does not itch. This rash will gradually fade in most people. 90007 90002 The formal name for this rash is erythema migrans. Erythema migrans is said to be characteristic of Lyme disease. However, many people do not have this symptom.90007 90002 Some people have a rash that’s solid red, while people with dark complexions may have a rash that resembles a bruise. 90007 90002 The rash can occur with or without systemic viral or flu-like symptoms. 90007 90002 Other symptoms commonly seen in this stage of Lyme disease include: 90007 90024 Stage 2: Early disseminated Lyme disease 90025 90002 Early disseminated Lyme disease occurs several weeks to months after the tick bite. 90007 90002 You’ll have a general feeling of being unwell, and a rash may appear in areas other than the tick bite.90007 90002 This stage of the disease is primarily characterized by evidence of systemic infection, which means infection has spread throughout the body, including to other organs. 90007 90002 Symptoms can include: 90007 90002 The symptoms of stages 1 and 2 can overlap. 90007 90024 Stage 3: Late disseminated Lyme disease 90025 90002 Late disseminated Lyme disease occurs when the infection has not been treated in stages 1 and 2. Stage 3 can occur months or years after the tick bite. 90007 90002 This stage is characterized by: 90007 90030 90031 arthritis of one or more large joints 90032 90031 brain disorders, such as encephalopathy, which can cause short-term memory loss, difficulty concentrating, mental fogginess, problems with following conversations and sleep disturbance 90032 90031 numbness in the arms, legs, hands, or feet 90032 90039 90002 Diagnosing Lyme disease begins with a review of your health history, which includes looking for reports of tick bites or residence in an endemic area.90007 90002 Your healthcare provider will also perform a physical exam to look for the presence of a rash or other symptoms characteristic of Lyme disease. 90007 90002 Testing during early localized infection is not recommended. 90007 90002 Blood tests are most reliable a few weeks after the initial infection, when antibodies are present. Your healthcare provider may order the following tests: 90007 90030 90031 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to detect antibodies against 90003 B.burgdorferi 90004. 90032 90031 Western blot is used to confirm a positive ELISA test. It checks for the presence of antibodies to specific 90003 B. burgdorferi 90004 proteins. 90032 90031 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to evaluate people with persistent Lyme arthritis or nervous system symptoms. It is performed on joint fluid or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). PCR testing on CSF for diagnosis of Lyme disease is not routinely recommended due to low sensitivity. A negative test does not rule out the diagnosis.In contrast most people will have positive PCR results in joint fluid if tested prior to antibiotic therapy. 90032 90039 90002 Lyme disease prevention mostly involves decreasing your risk of experiencing a tick bite. 90007 90002 Take the following steps to prevent tick bites: 90007 90030 90031 Wear long pants and long-sleeve shirts when in the outdoors. 90032 90031 Make your yard unfriendly to ticks by clearing wooded areas, keeping underbrush to a minimum, and putting woodpiles in areas with lots of sun.90032 90031 Use insect repellent. One with 10 percent DEET will protect you for about 2 hours. Do not use more DEET than what’s required for the time you’ll be outside, and do not use it on the hands of young children or the faces of children under the age of 2 months old. 90032 90031 Oil of lemon eucalyptus gives the same protection as DEET when used in similar concentrations. It should not be used on children under the age of 3 years old. 90032 90031 Be vigilant. Check your children, pets, and yourself for ticks.If you’ve had Lyme disease, do not assume you can not be infected again. You can get Lyme disease more than once. 90032 90031 Remove ticks with tweezers. Apply the tweezers near the head or the mouth of the tick and pull gently. Check to be certain that all tick parts have been removed. 90032 90039 90002 Contact your healthcare provider if and whenever a tick bites you or your loved ones. 90007 90002 Learn more about how to prevent Lyme disease when a tick bites you. 90007 90002 Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium 90003 Borrelia burgdorferi 90004 (and rarely, 90003 Borrelia mayonii 90004).90007 90002 90003 B. burgdorferi 90004 is transmitted to people through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick, also known as a deer tick. 90007 90002 According to the CDC, infected blacklegged ticks transmit Lyme disease in the Northeastern, Mid-Atlantic, and North Central United States. Western blacklegged ticks transmit the disease on the Pacific Coast of the United States. 90007 90002 Ticks that are infected with the bacterium 90003 B. burgdorferi 90004 can attach to any part of your body.They’re more commonly found in areas of your body that are hard to see, such as the scalp, armpits, and groin area. 90007 90002 The infected tick must be attached to your body for at least 36 hours in order to transmit the bacterium. 90007 90002 Most people with Lyme disease were bitten by immature ticks, called nymphs. These tiny ticks are very difficult to see. They feed during the spring and summer. Adult ticks also carry the bacteria, but they’re easier to see and can be removed before transmitting it.90007 90002 There is no evidence that Lyme disease can be transmitted through air, food, or water. There’s also no evidence that it can be transmitted between people through touching, kissing, or having sex. 90007 90002 After you’ve been treated for Lyme disease with antibiotics, it may take weeks or months for all the symptoms to disappear. 90007 90002 You can take these steps to help promote your recovery: 90007 90002 Some commercial laboratories will test ticks for Lyme disease. 90007 90002 Although you may want to have a tick tested after it bites you, the (CDC) does not recommend testing for the following reasons: 90007 90030 90031 Commercial laboratories that offer tick testing are not required to have the same stringent quality control standards as those for clinical diagnostic laboratories.90032 90031 If the tick tests positive for a disease-causing organism, it does not necessarily mean you have Lyme disease. 90032 90031 A negative result could lead you to the false assumption that you’re not infected. You could have been bitten and infected by a different tick. 90032 90031 If you’ve been infected with Lyme disease, you’ll probably start showing the symptoms before you get the tick test results, and you should not wait to start treatment. 90032 90039.90000 Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & More 90001 90002 An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body. 90003 90002 The immune system normally guards against germs like bacteria and viruses. When it senses these foreign invaders, it sends out an army of fighter cells to attack them. 90003 90002 Normally, the immune system can tell the difference between foreign cells and your own cells. 90003 90002 In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakes part of your body, like your joints or skin, as foreign.It releases proteins called autoantibodies that attack healthy cells. 90003 90002 Some autoimmune diseases target only one organ. Type 1 diabetes damages the pancreas. Other diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affect the whole body. 90003 90002 Doctors do not know exactly what causes the immune-system misfire. Yet some people are more likely to get an autoimmune disease than others. 90003 90002 According to a 2014 study, women get autoimmune diseases at a rate of about 2 to 1 compared to men – 6.4 percent of women vs. 2.7 percent of men. Often the disease starts during a woman’s childbearing years (ages 15 to 44). 90003 90002 Some autoimmune diseases are more common in certain ethnic groups. For example, lupus affects more African-American and Hispanic people than Caucasians. 90003 90002 Certain autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis and lupus, run in families. Not every family member will necessarily have the same disease, but they inherit a susceptibility to an autoimmune condition.90003 90002 Because the incidence of autoimmune diseases is rising, researchers suspect environmental factors like infections and exposure to chemicals or solvents might also be involved. 90003 90002 A “Western diet” is another suspected risk factor for developing an autoimmune disease. Eating high-fat, high-sugar, and highly processed foods is thought to be linked to inflammation, which might set off an immune response. However, this has not been proven. 90003 90002 A 2015 study focused on another theory called the hygiene hypothesis.Because of vaccines and antiseptics, children today are not exposed to as many germs as they were in the past. The lack of exposure could make their immune system prone to overreact to harmless substances. 90003 90002 90027 BOTTOM LINE: 90028 Researchers do not know exactly what causes autoimmune diseases. Genetics, diet, infections, and exposure to chemicals might be involved. 90003 90002 There are more than 80 different autoimmune diseases. Here are 14 of the most common ones. 90003 90032 1.Type 1 diabetes 90033 90002 The pancreas produces the hormone insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. 90003 90002 High blood sugar results can lead to damage in the blood vessels, as well as organs like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. 90003 90032 2. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 90033 90002 In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the immune system attacks the joints. This attack causes redness, warmth, soreness, and stiffness in the joints.90003 90002 Unlike osteoarthritis, which commonly affects people as they get older, RA can start as early as your 30s or sooner. 90003 90032 3. Psoriasis / psoriatic arthritis 90033 90002 Skin cells normally grow and then shed when they’re no longer needed. Psoriasis causes skin cells to multiply too quickly. The extra cells build up and form inflamed red patches, commonly with silver-white scales of plaque on the skin. 90003 90002 Up to 30 percent of people with psoriasis also develop swelling, stiffness, and pain in their joints.This form of the disease is called psoriatic arthritis. 90003 90032 4. Multiple sclerosis 90033 90002 Multiple sclerosis (MS) damages the myelin sheath, the protective coating that surrounds nerve cells, in your central nervous system. Damage to the myelin sheath slows the transmission speed of messages between your brain and spinal cord to and from the rest of your body. 90003 90002 This damage can lead to symptoms like numbness, weakness, balance issues, and trouble walking. The disease comes in several forms that progress at different rates.According to a 2012 study, about 50 percent of people with MS need help walking within 15 years after the disease starts. 90003 90032 5. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 90033 90002 Although doctors in the 1800s first described lupus as a skin disease because of the rash it commonly produces, the systemic form, which is most the common, actually affects many organs, including the joints , kidneys, brain, and heart. 90003 90002 Joint pain, fatigue, and rashes are among the most common symptoms.90003 90032 6. Inflammatory bowel disease 90033 90002 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe conditions that cause inflammation in the lining of the intestinal wall. Each type of IBD affects a different part of the GI tract. 90003 90032 7. Addison’s disease 90033 90002 Addison’s disease affects the adrenal glands, which produce the hormones cortisol and aldosterone as well as androgen hormones. Having too little of cortisol can affect the way the body uses and stores carbohydrates and sugar (glucose).Deficiency of aldosterone will lead to sodium loss and excess potassium in the bloodstream. 90003 90002 Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and low blood sugar. 90003 90032 8. Graves ‘disease 90033 90002 Graves’ disease attacks the thyroid gland in the neck, causing it to produce too much of its hormones. Thyroid hormones control the body’s energy usage, known as metabolism. 90003 90002 Having too much of these hormones revs up your body’s activities, causing symptoms like nervousness, a fast heartbeat, heat intolerance, and weight loss.90003 90002 One potential symptom of this disease is bulging eyes, called exophthalmos. It can occur as a part of what is called Graves ‘ophthalmopathy, which occurs in around 30 percent of those who have Graves’ disease, according to a 1993 study. 90003 90032 9. Sjögren’s syndrome 90033 90002 This condition attacks the glands that provide lubrication to the eyes and mouth. The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome are dry eyes and dry mouth, but it may also affect the joints or skin. 90003 90032 10.Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 90033 90002 In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroid hormone production slows to a deficiency. Symptoms include weight gain, sensitivity to cold, fatigue, hair loss, and swelling of the thyroid (goiter). 90003 90032 11. Myasthenia gravis 90033 90002 Myasthenia gravis affects nerve impulses that help the brain control the muscles. When the communication from nerves to muscles is impaired, signals can not direct the muscles to contract. 90003 90002 The most common symptom is muscle weakness that gets worse with activity and improves with rest.Often muscles that control eye movements, eyelid opening, swallowing, and facial movements are involved. 90003 90032 12. Autoimmune vasculitis 90033 90002 Autoimmune vasculitis happens when the immune system attacks blood vessels. The inflammation that results narrows the arteries and veins, allowing less blood to flow through them. 90003 90032 13. Pernicious anemia 90033 90002 This condition causes deficiency of a protein, made by stomach lining cells, known as intrinsic factor that is needed in order for the small intestine to absorb vitamin B-12 from food.Without enough of this vitamin, one will develop an anemia, and the body’s ability for proper DNA synthesis will be altered. 90003 90002 Pernicious anemia is more common in older adults. According to a 2012 study, it affects 0.1 percent of people in general, but nearly 2 percent of people over age 60. 90003 90032 14. Celiac disease 90033 90002 People with celiac disease can not eat foods containing gluten, a protein found in wheat , rye, and other grain products. When gluten is in the small intestine, the immune system attacks this part of the gastrointestinal tract and causes inflammation.90003 90002 A 2015 study noted that celiac disease affects about 1 percent of people in the United States. A larger number of people have reported gluten sensitivity, which is not an autoimmune disease, but can have similar symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain. 90003 90002 The early symptoms of many autoimmune diseases are very similar, such as: 90003 90112 90113 fatigue 90114 90113 achy muscles 90114 90113 swelling and redness 90114 90113 low-grade fever 90114 90113 trouble concentrating 90114 90113 numbness and tingling in the hands and feet 90114 90113 hair loss 90114 90113 skin rashes 90114 90129 90002 Individual diseases can also have their own unique symptoms.For example, type 1 diabetes causes extreme thirst, weight loss, and fatigue. IBD causes belly pain, bloating, and diarrhea. 90003 90002 With autoimmune diseases like psoriasis or RA, symptoms may come and go. A period of symptoms is called a flare-up. A period when the symptoms go away is called remission. 90003 90002 90027 BOTTOM LINE: 90028 Symptoms like fatigue, muscle aches, swelling, and redness could be signs of an autoimmune disease. Symptoms might come and go over time. 90003 90002 See a doctor if you have symptoms of an autoimmune disease.You might need to visit a specialist, depending on the type of disease you have. 90003 90112 90113 90027 Rheumatologists 90028 treat joint diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis as well as other autoimmune diseases like Sjögren’s syndrome and SLE. 90114 90113 90027 Gastroenterologists 90028 treat diseases of the GI tract, such as celiac and Crohn’s disease. 90114 90113 90027 Endocrinologists 90028 treat conditions of the glands, including Graves ‘disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Addison’s disease.90114 90113 90027 Dermatologists 90028 treat skin conditions, such as psoriasis. 90114 90129 90002 No single test can diagnose most autoimmune diseases. Your doctor will use a combination of tests and a review of your symptoms and physical examination to diagnose you. 90003 90002 The antinuclear antibody test (ANA) is often one of the first tests that doctors use when symptoms suggest an autoimmune disease. A positive test means you may have one of these diseases, but it will not confirm exactly which one you have or if you have one for sure.90003 90002 Other tests look for specific autoantibodies produced in certain autoimmune diseases. Your doctor might also do nonspecific tests to check for the inflammation these diseases produce in the body. 90003 90002 90027 BOTTOM LINE: 90028 A positive ANA blood test may be indicative of an autoimmune disease. Your doctor can use your symptoms and other tests to confirm the diagnosis. 90003 90002 Treatments can not cure autoimmune diseases, but they can control the overactive immune response and bring down inflammation or at least reduce pain and inflammation.Drugs used to treat these conditions include: 90003 90002 Treatments are also available to relieve symptoms like pain, swelling, fatigue, and skin rashes. 90003 90002 Eating a well-balanced diet and getting regular exercise may also help you feel better. 90003 90002 90027 BOTTOM LINE: 90028 The main treatment for autoimmune diseases is with medications that bring down inflammation and calm the overactive immune response. Treatments can also help relieve symptoms. 90003 90002 More than 80 different autoimmune diseases exist.Often their symptoms overlap, making them hard to diagnose. 90003 90002 Autoimmune diseases are more common in women, and they often run in families. 90003 90002 Blood tests that look for autoantibodies can help doctors diagnose these conditions. Treatments include medications to calm the overactive immune response and bring down inflammation in the body. 90003.90000 13 Signs and Symptoms of Lyme Disease 90001 90002 Lyme disease is an underreported, under-researched, and often debilitating disease transmitted by spirochete bacteria. The spiral-shaped bacteria, 90003 Borrelia burgdorferi 90004, are transmitted by blacklegged deer ticks. Lyme’s wide range of symptoms mimic those of many other ailments, making it difficult to diagnose (1, 2). 90005 90002 The blacklegged ticks can also transmit other disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These are known as coinfections (1).These ticks that transmit Lyme are increasing their geographical spread. As of 2016, they were found in about half the counties in 43 of 50 states in the United States (3). 90005 90002 Lyme is the fifth most reported of notifiable diseases in the United States, with an estimated 329,000 new cases found annually (4). But in some states, estimates suggest that Lyme disease is profoundly underreported (4). Some studies estimate that there are as many as 1 million cases of Lyme in the United States every year (5).90005 90002 Most people with Lyme who are treated right away with three weeks of antibiotics have a good prognosis. 90005 90002 But if you’re not treated for weeks, months, or even years after infection, Lyme becomes more difficult to treat. Within days of the bite, the bacteria can move to your central nervous system, muscles and joints, eyes, and heart (6, 7). 90005 90002 Lyme is sometimes divided into three categories: acute, early disseminated, and late disseminated. But the progression of the disease can vary by individual, and not all people go through each stage (8).90005 90002 Every individual reacts to the Lyme bacteria differently. You may have some or all of these symptoms. Your symptoms may also vary in severity. Lyme is a multi-system disease. 90005 90002 Here is a list of 13 common signs and symptoms of Lyme disease. 90005 90002 The signature rash of a Lyme tick bite looks like a solid red oval or a bull’s-eye. It can appear anywhere on your body. The bull’s-eye has a central red spot, surrounded by a clear circle with a wide red circle on the outside.90005 90002 The rash is flat and usually does not itch. The rash is a sign that the infection is spreading within your skin tissues. The rash expands and then resolves over time, even if you’re not treated. 90005 90002 Thirty percent or more of people with Lyme disease do not remember having the rash (9). 90005 90002 Even fewer people remember a tick attachment. Estimates range from 20 to 50 percent (10). The ticks in the nymph stage are the size of poppy seeds, and their bites are easy to miss.90005 90002 The initial red rash usually appears at the site of the bite within 3 to 30 days (11). Similar but smaller rashes can appear three to five weeks later, as the bacteria spread through tissues (12). Sometimes the rash is just a red blotch (1, 13). The rash can also take other forms, including a raised rash or blisters (14). 90005 90002 If you do have a rash, it’s important to photograph it and see your doctor to get treated promptly. 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 If you see a flat rash shaped like an oval or bull’s-eye anywhere on your body, it could be Lyme.See your doctor. 90035 90002 Whether or not you see the tick bite or the classic Lyme rash, your early symptoms are likely to be flu-like. Symptoms are often cyclical, waxing and waning every few weeks (12). 90005 90002 Tiredness, exhaustion, and lack of energy are the most frequent symptoms. The Lyme fatigue can seem different from regular tiredness, where you can point to activity as a cause. This fatigue seems to take over your body and can be severe. 90005 90002 You may find yourself needing a nap during the day, or needing to sleep one or more hours longer than usual.90005 90002 In one study, about 84 percent of children with Lyme reported fatigue (8). In a 2013 study of adults with Lyme, 76 percent reported fatigue (15). 90005 90002 Sometimes Lyme-related fatigue is misdiagnosed as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, or depression (8). 90005 90002 In some Lyme cases, fatigue can be disabling (16). 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Extreme fatigue is a frequent symptom of Lyme. 90035 90002 Joint pain and stiffness, often intermittent, are early Lyme symptoms.Your joints may be inflamed, warm to the touch, painful, and swollen. You may have stiffness and limited range of motion in some joints (1). 90005 90002 Pain may move around. Sometimes your knees may hurt, whereas other times it’s your neck or your heels. You may also have bursitis (16). Bursae are the thin cushions between bone and surrounding tissue. 90005 90002 The pain may be severe, and it may be transitory. More than one joint may be affected. Most often the large joints are involved (12).90005 90002 People often attribute joint problems to age, genetics, or sports. Lyme should be added to that list, as these statistics indicate: 90005 90060 90061 One study estimates that 80 percent of people with untreated Lyme have muscle and joint symptoms (17). 90062 90061 Fifty percent of people with untreated Lyme have intermittent episodes of arthritis (17). 90062 90061 Two-thirds of people have their first episode of joint pain within six months of the infection (18). 90062 90061 Use of anti-inflammatory drugs may mask the actual number of people with joint swelling (19).90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Joint pain that comes and goes, or moves from joint to joint, could be a sign of Lyme. 90035 90002 Other common flu-like symptoms are headaches, dizziness, fever, muscle pain, and malaise. 90005 90002 About 50 percent of people with Lyme disease have flu-like symptoms within a week of their infection (18). 90005 90002 Your symptoms may be low-level, and you may not think of Lyme as a cause. For example, when fever occurs, it’s usually low-grade (18).90005 90002 In fact, it can be difficult to distinguish Lyme flu symptoms from a common flu or viral infection. But, unlike a viral flu, for some people the Lyme flu-like symptoms come and go. 90005 90002 Here are a few statistics from different studies of Lyme patients: 90005 90060 90061 Seventy-eight percent of children in one study reported headaches (8). 90062 90061 Forty-eight percent of adults with Lyme in one study reported headaches (20). 90062 90061 Fifty-one percent of children with Lyme reported dizziness (8).90062 90061 In a 2013 study of adults with Lyme, 30 percent experienced dizziness (15). 90062 90061 Thirty-nine percent of children with Lyme reported fevers or sweats (8). 90062 90061 Among adults with Lyme, 60 percent reported fever in a 2013 study (15). 90062 90061 Forty-three percent of children with Lyme reported neck pain (8). 90062 90061 A smaller number of children with Lyme reported sore throats (8). 90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Low-level flu symptoms that periodically return could be a sign of Lyme.90035 90002 Sleep disturbances in Lyme are common. 90005 90002 Joint pain may wake you up at night. Your body temperature may fluctuate, and night sweats or chills can wake you. 90005 90002 Your face and head may feel flushed. 90005 90002 Here are some of the statistics from studies: 90005 90060 90061 In a 2013 study, 60 percent of adults with early Lyme reported sweats and chills (15). 90062 90061 The same study reported that 41 percent experienced sleep disturbances (15). 90062 90061 Twenty-five percent of children with Lyme reported disturbed sleep (8).90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Sleep disturbances are common with Lyme, including night sweats and chills. 90035 90002 There are many kinds and degrees of cognitive disturbances, and they can be scary. 90005 90002 You may notice that you have difficulty concentrating in school or at work. 90005 90002 Your memory may have lapses that were not there before. You may have to reach to remember a familiar name. 90005 90002 You may feel as though you’re processing information more slowly.90005 90002 Sometimes when driving or taking public transportation to a familiar place, you may forget how to get there. Or you may be confused about where you are or why you’re there. 90005 90002 You might get to a store to shop, but entirely forget what it was that you were supposed to look for. 90005 90002 You might at first attribute this to stress or age, but the decline in capabilities may worry you. 90005 90002 Here are some statistics: 90005 90060 90061 Seventy-four percent of children with untreated Lyme reported cognitive problems (8).90062 90061 Twenty-four percent of adults with early Lyme reported difficulty concentrating (15). 90062 90061 In later Lyme, 81 percent of adults reported memory loss (21). 90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Lyme bacteria can affect your brain and mental processes. 90035 90002 Bright indoor light may feel uncomfortable or even blinding. 90005 90002 Light sensitivity is bad enough for some people to need sunglasses indoors, in addition to wearing sunglasses outdoors in normal light. 90005 90002 Light sensitivity was found in 16 percent of adults with early Lyme (15).90005 90002 In the same study, 13 percent reported blurry vision. 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Light sensitivity, including to indoor light, is a symptom of Lyme. 90035 90002 Neurological symptoms can be subtle and sometimes specific. 90005 90002 In general, you may feel unsure of your balance or less coordinated in your movements. 90005 90002 Walking down a slight incline on your driveway might take an effort that it never did before. 90005 90002 You might trip and fall more than once, although this never happened to you before.90005 90002 Some Lyme effects are very specific. 90005 90002 For example, the Lyme bacteria may affect one or more of your cranial nerves. These are the 12 pairs of nerves that come from your brain to your head and neck area. 90005 90002 If the bacteria invade the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve), you can develop muscle weakness or paralysis on one or both sides of your face. This palsy is sometimes mistakenly called Bell’s palsy. Lyme disease is one of the few illnesses that cause palsies on both sides of the face.Or you may have numbness and tingling on your face. 90005 90002 Other affected cranial nerves can cause loss of taste and smell. 90005 90002 A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study of 248,074 reported Lyme disease cases nationwide from тисячу дев’ятсот дев’яносто два to 2006 found that 12 percent of Lyme patients had cranial nerve symptoms (9). 90005 90002 As the Lyme bacteria spread through the nervous system, they can inflame the tissues where the brain and spinal cord meet (the meninges). 90005 90002 Some of the common symptoms of Lyme meningitis are neck pain or stiffness, headache, and light sensitivity.Encephalopathy, which alters your mental state, is less common. 90005 90002 These neurological symptoms occur in about 10 percent of adult individuals with untreated Lyme disease (18). 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Neurological problems, ranging from balance issues, to stiff neck, to facial palsy, could be symptoms of Lyme. 90035 90002 Skin symptoms appear early in Lyme (21). 90005 90002 You may have unexplained skin rashes or large bruises without usual cause. 90005 90002 Skin outbreaks may be itchy or unsightly.They could also be more serious, such as B cell lymphoma (21). 90005 90002 Other skin ailments associated with Lyme are: 90005 90060 90061 morphea, or discolored patches of skin (21) 90062 90061 lichen sclerosus, or white patches of thin skin (21) 90062 90061 parapsoriasis, a precursor to skin lymphoma 90062 90069 90002 In Europe, some of the skin diseases that result from Lyme transmitted by a different Borrelia species are: 90005 90060 90061 borrelial lymphocytoma, which is common in Europe as an early Lyme marker (22) 90062 90061 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (21) 90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 In addition to the classic Lyme rash, other unexplained rashes can be Lyme symptoms.90035 90002 Lyme bacteria can invade your heart tissue, a condition called Lyme carditis. 90005 90002 Carditis can range from mild to severe. 90005 90002 The bacterial interference in your heart can cause chest pains, light-headedness, shortness of breath, or heart palpitations (23). 90005 90002 The inflammation caused by the infection blocks the transmission of electrical signals from one chamber of the heart to the other, so the heart beats irregularly. This is known as heart block. 90005 90002 Lyme can also affect the heart muscle itself.90005 90002 How common is Lyme carditis? Here are some statistics: 90005 90060 90061 The CDC reports that only 1 percent of reported Lyme cases involve carditis (23). 90062 90061 Other studies report that 4 to 10 percent of Lyme patients (or more) have carditis (24, 25). However, these figures may include a broader definition of carditis. 90062 90061 Children can also have Lyme carditis (24). 90062 90069 90002 With treatment, most people will recover from an episode of Lyme carditis. However, it has caused occasional deaths.The CDC reported three sudden Lyme carditis deaths from 2012-2013 (26). 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Lyme bacteria can affect your heart, producing a range of symptoms. 90035 90002 Lyme can affect your moods. 90005 90002 You may be more irritable, anxious, or depressed. 90005 90002 Twenty-one percent of early Lyme patients reported irritability as a symptom. Ten percent of Lyme patients in the same study reported anxiety (15). 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Mood swings can be a symptom of Lyme.90035 90002 Some people with Lyme may have sharp rib and chest pains that send them to the emergency room, suspecting a heart problem (27). 90005 90002 When no problem is found, after the usual testing, the ER diagnosis is noted as an unidentified “musculoskeletal” cause. 90005 90002 You can also have strange sensations like skin tingling or crawling, or numbness or itchiness (27). 90005 90002 Other symptoms have to do with cranial nerves. 90005 90060 90061 Ear-ringing (tinnitus). Tinnitus can be a nuisance, especially at bedtime when it seems to get louder as you’re trying to fall asleep.About 10 percent of people with Lyme experience this (15). 90062 90061 Hearing loss. One study reported that 15 percent of Lyme patients experienced loss of hearing (28). 90062 90061 Jaw pain or toothaches that are not related to actual tooth decay or infection. 90062 90069 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Lyme can be the cause of unexplained sensations or pain. 90035 90002 Children are the largest population of Lyme patients. 90005 90002 The CDC study of reported Lyme cases from 1992-2006 found that the incidence of new cases was highest among 5 to 14-year-olds (9).About one quarter of reported Lyme cases in the United States involve children under 14 years old (29). 90005 90002 Children can have all the signs and symptoms of Lyme that adults have, but they may have trouble telling you exactly what they feel or where it hurts. 90005 90002 You may notice a decline in school performance, or your child’s mood swings may become problematic. 90005 90002 Your child’s social and speech skills or motor coordination may regress. Or your child may lose their appetite.90005 90002 Children are more likely than adults to have arthritis as an initial symptom (25). 90005 90002 In a 2012 Nova Scotian study of children with Lyme, 65 percent developed Lyme arthritis (30). The knee was the most commonly affected joint. 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Children have the same Lyme symptoms as adults, but are more likely to have arthritis. 90035 90002 If you have some of the signs and symptoms of Lyme, see a doctor – preferably one familiar with treating Lyme disease! 90005 90002 The International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) can provide a list of Lyme-aware doctors in your area (31).90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Find a doctor familiar with treating Lyme disease. 90035 90304 What about tests? 90305 90002 The commonly used ELISA test is not a reliable indicator for many Lyme patients (32). 90005 90002 The Western blot test tends to be more sensitive, but it still misses 20 percent or more of Lyme cases (32). 90005 90002 If you do not have the initial Lyme rash, diagnosis is usually based on your symptoms and your potential exposure to blacklegged ticks. The doctor will rule out other possible diseases that may cause the same symptoms.90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Lyme diagnosis is usually based on your symptoms. 90035 90304 What to do if you have a blacklegged tick bite 90305 90002 Remove the tick by pulling it directly out with fine-tipped tweezers. Lift upward with slow and even pressure. Do not twist when removing it. Do not crush it or put soap or other substances on it. Do not apply heat to it. 90005 90002 Place the tick in a resealable container. See if you can identify what kind of a tick it is. 90005 90002 Immediately after removing the tick, wash your skin well with soap and water or with rubbing alcohol.90005 90002 Not all ticks carry Lyme. The Lyme bacteria is transmitted only by blacklegged ticks in their nymph or adult stage. 90005 90002 Save the tick to show your doctor. The doctor will want to determine if it’s a blacklegged tick and if there’s evidence of feeding. Ticks enlarge as they feed. Your risk of getting Lyme from an infected tick increases with the length of time that the tick fed on your blood. 90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 Pull the tick out with tweezers and save it in a resealable container for identification.90035 90304 Antibiotics work 90305 90002 If you have the classic Lyme rash or other symptoms of early Lyme, you’ll need at least three weeks of oral antibiotics. Shorter courses of treatment have resulted in a 40 percent relapse rate (33). 90005 90002 Even with three weeks of antibiotics, you may need one or more courses of antibiotics if your symptoms return. 90005 90002 Lyme is tricky and affects different people in different ways. The longer you’ve had symptoms, the more difficult it is to treat.90005 90032 90033 Summary: 90034 At least three weeks of oral antibiotics are recommended when you have symptoms of early Lyme. 90035 90002 Lyme is a serious tick-borne disease with a wide range of symptoms. 90005 90002 If you get treated as soon as possible with an adequate course of antibiotics, you’ll have a better outcome. 90005 90002 Finding a Lyme-aware doctor is important. 90005.